Material Description
Cast iron is a versatile and widely-used engineering material characterized by its exceptional mechanical properties and durability. Composed primarily of iron, with significant amounts of carbon (usually between 2.1% and 4.0%), cast iron owes its name to the casting process used for its production. This material can be further categorized into various types, including gray iron, white iron, ductile iron, and malleable iron, each offering distinct properties and applications.
Gray iron, for instance, is renowned for its excellent castability and dampening qualities, making it ideal for applications such as engine blocks and pipes. White iron, on the other hand, is highly wear-resistant and is often used in applications like ball mills and crushing equipment. Ductile iron is valued for its high tensile strength and ductility, making it suitable for components like crankshafts and gears. Malleable iron is a heat-treated form of cast iron, known for its versatility and is used in a range of applications like agricultural equipment and structural parts. Overall, cast iron’s unique combination of strength, castability, and wear resistance makes it a preferred material in many industrial and engineering applications.
Grades
Gray & Ductile Cast Iron
Finishing Options
Painting, Powder Coating
| Density | Tensile Yield Strength (MPa) | Fatigue Strength (MPa) | Hardness (Brinell) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) | Coeff. of Thermal Expansion (mm/mdeg) | Electrical Resistivity (micro Ohm-cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7800 | 150-500 | 100-250 | 100 - 250 | ~44-80 | 10-12 | 45214 |
Design Recommendation
When designing with cast iron, it’s crucial to prioritize structural integrity and durability. Opt for appropriate thicknesses and ribbing to enhance stiffness while minimizing weight. Pay close attention to casting design, ensuring smooth transitions and gradual changes in section thickness to prevent stress concentrations and potential cracking. Additionally, consider the material’s natural properties, such as its high thermal conductivity, in applications where heat transfer is essential. Finally, engage with experienced foundries and cast iron specialists early in the design process to optimize the final product for the unique qualities and capabilities of cast iron.
Cost Saving Tip
High-speed machining techniques and wear-resistant coatings for cutting tools are essential for cost savings in cast iron machining. These strategies minimize tool wear, enhance machining efficiency, and reduce the frequency of tool replacements, ultimately lowering costs.
