In CNC milling, a highly accurate and automated manufacturing technique, computer-controlled cutting tools are used to shape a range of materials into a particular product. Creating complicated parts and components with high accuracy, consistency, and efficiency thanks to this essential component of modern manufacturing.
How does CNC Milling work?
CNC milling uses subtractive machining to mass produce simple and complicated products in large and small quantities. A milling machine utilizes a revolving cylindrical tool called a milling cutter to remove material from a blank workpiece. Different milling machines have varying cutting capabilities and can move along various axes.
CNC Milling Process
Multiple procedures are required for CNC milling, and they are as follows.
- Design:
CAD software is used to develop the blueprint for the machined component. The 3D model is then utilized as a guide during the milling process after the design has been finalized.
- Programming:
The next step is to write a CNC programme that outlines all of the necessary machining steps. This code that is developed is written in a programming language like G-code. The CNC programme determines the cutting tool’s motion, the machining process’s feed rate and speed, and other variables like cutting depth and tool choice.
- Tool selection:
This step involves determining the best cutting tool for the job depending on the material being machined, the quality of the finished product, and the needed precision and throughput. The cutting tool is held in a tool holder that is attached to the CNC machine’s spindle
- Workpiece setup
The workpiece is positioned on the CNC machine’s bed with the help of a fixture or clamps for processing. This secures the workpiece in place so that it can be machined without shifting.
- Machine setup
The CNC machine is then set up and calibrated, including the selection of the cutting speed and feed rate, the orientation of the cutting tool, and the positioning of the workpiece.
- Cutting
In the next process the CNC machine spins a cutting tool and moves it along a predetermined path to remove material from the workpiece. The cutting tool’s position and orientation are constantly monitored by the CNC control system,
- Inspection
When the machining process is complete, the completed product is subjected to inspection to determine whether or not it conforms to the required tolerances and standards
- Repeat as often as required
You can repeat the complete procedure as many times as is required in order to create new components or to implement design changes. In order to make the machining process quick and responsive to design changes, the CNC programme may be quickly adjusted.
Features of a Milling Machine
There are typically seven primary components that make up a milling machine. Some of these features are:
- Knee
A column holds the knee in place, although it can be adjusted to fit the user’s knee. It serves as a base for both the saddle and the workbench. The height of the device can be adjusted along the Z-axis.
- Column
The machine’s primary pillar of support is the column. Supporting the other components of the machine helps keep everything together.
- The saddle
The saddle is adjustable in height and can be positioned over the knee and below the worktable, parallel to the spindle’s axis. If necessary, it can shift the workpiece across the table.
- The work table
It is the mounting surface for the workpiece on top of the saddle. Milling machines often have a worktable that can be adjusted both vertically and horizontally depending on the type of machine
- The Spindle
This is a revolving component that either holds the machine tool or the arbour, and it is operated by an electric motor. It is also known as a lathe spindle.
- Arbour
Horizontal milling machines benefit from the arbour component of the machine. It functions as a shaft and can be used to install a variety of machine tools after being put into the spindle of the machine.
- Ram
Ram is usually found in vertical milling machines. It is attached to the top of the column, which is the part of the machine that supports the spindle.
- Machine tool
Machine tool is responsible for carrying out the milling operation. It performs the function of removing materials from the workpiece while being held by the spindle.
Types of CNC Milling
- Vertical milling
A vertical milling machine consists of an arm with a spindle connected to the end and a 3-axis milling table placed below the arm as the work surface.
A vertical turret mill is the right way for continuous operation since the spindle can remain in one place. Here, the table shifted on both the X and Y axes. Furthermore, using a bed vertical mill, the table only moves along the X-axis. The arm’s spindle moves throughout its length along the Y axis
- Horizontal milling
All other parts of a horizontal milling machine are similar to those of a vertical milling machine, except that the spindle rotates horizontally rather than vertically. Typically, bigger projects or longer projects are better suited for horizontal mills.
- Face milling
The cutting tool rotates along an axis perpendicular to the workpiece’s surface. Face milling cutters are employed, which have teeth on both the outside and inside of the tool body; the latter is often reserved for finishing operations. Flat surfaces may also be made, and the final product can be managed using face milling.
Summary
CNC machining tools are created to remove material from a workpiece with pinpoint precision. Since the computer program dictates the motion, all manufactured components have the same precision. Components can be produced in large quantities with the assurance that they will all be of the same high quality and level of finish.
When it comes to high-precision CNC Milling, Karkhana.io is the trusted partner you need. Feel free to get in touch to talk about the specifics of your project and get production rolling by simply registering on our digital platform
Share on social media:
